Effectiveness Of Health And Social Care - 2541 Words

M2 Discuss how the practitioners and agencies involved in the care pathways work together to provide the care needed for both physiological disorders Introduction In this assignment I will discuss the effectiveness of health and social care practitioners and agencies working together to deliver the care pathway for one of the chosen physiological disorders. The disorder I have chosen to evaluate is diabetes type 2 diabetes. Strengths Working in a multidisciplinary team means the patient with type 2 diabetes can receive a better all-round level of care. All ideas and treatment plans can be discussed weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of each situation. For example, a nurse might suggest something that would be disadvantageous to a person’s occupational needs. It is also less likely that things are missed, as more than one person is involved. From an operational point of view, all team members are aware of progress and major decision meaning if sickness or annual leave happens the patients care does not stop. Individuals that have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are cared for by a variety of people like podiatrist, district nurses, DSNs, GPs, and practice nurses. Good communication between these professionals and the person with type 2 diabetes can lead to better insight into the individual’s life, therefore helping to plan and provide the best care for that person. This can reduce repetition, improve quality of care for people with diabetes type 2 andShow MoreRelatedevaluate the effectiveness of health and social care practitioners and agencies working together to deliver the care pathway for one of the chosen physiological disorders3153 Words   |  13 Pagesexample the doctor might want to see the patient every couple of weeks to check their blood pressure, this is potentially putting them at risk because it could be getting worse and worse. however some individuals that are well off can afford private health insurances such as Bupa and could be seen within that day. anothe r point about professional referral is that you cant always get an appointment with the doctor straight the way, in some cases, it takes a week, this makes it severely difficultRead MoreDelivering Cost Effective Healthcare Services1283 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, governments are searching for ways to deliver the equity, efficiency, cost-effectiveness healthcare services to maintain and improve their health systems (WHO, 2004). The aim of equal access to health care for all population groups is the common target for many health care systems. The Australian health care system provides resources on the equal access of a mixed private and public funding system which covers the entire population. As Palmer Torgerson (1999) pointed out thatRead MoreClinical And Cost Effectiveness Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy For Health Anxiety1676 Words   |  7 PagesClinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial , The Lancet, vol.383, pp219 225. Using a pilot study by Seivewright at al (2000), Tyrer et al (2014) conducted a randomised control trial on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy for health anxiety in medical patients in multiple medicine clinics in secondary care. This study aimed to confirm the effectiveness and achieve anRead MoreFuture Goals And Areas Of Improvement920 Words   |  4 Pagesof Improvement When working to improve health care systems and decrease the number of people getting infected with HIV it is important to learn from past experiences and create attainable goals. Recently the UNAIDS Program Coordinating Board met to create a new strategy to combat HIV (UNAIDS). This strategy for 2016-2021 aligns with one of the new Millennium Development Goal created by the United Nations that states it would like to end HIV as a public health threat and epidemic by 2030. UNAIDS setRead MoreEssay on Health and Social Care960 Words   |  4 Pageshow health and safety legislation is implemented in the health and social care workplace 1.1 Review systems, policies and procedures for communicating information on health and social care workplace in accordance with legislative requirements. 1.2 Assess the responsibilities in a specific health and social care work place for the management of health and safety in relation to organizational structure. 1.3 Analyse health and safety priorities appropriate for a specific health and social careRead MoreBusiness Economic1655 Words   |  7 PagesAssignment: Learner information OCR Level 3 Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, Diversity and Rights in Health and Social Care Assessor: Important Dates | |Assessment Criteria |Issue Date |Formative Assessment |Summative Assessment | |Task 1 |P1, M1 and D1 | | | | Read MoreDelivery Of Robots And Clinical Setting1250 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessions. The mentioned trend is expected to push up the demand of health care robots as hospitals look for alternative ways to ensure that the delivery of medical care services is not undermined by a shortage of medical practitioners. The many advantages that robot presents to the healthcare sector is another factor that will contribute to increased demand in the near future. The individuals who support the automation of different health care processes point out that utilization of robots would curtailRead MoreHealth1271 Words   |  6 PagesDiploma in Health amp; Social Care Level 3 | Unit number and title | Unit 44: Vocational Experience | Hand out Date | w/c 9th September 2013 | Hand in Date | 13th June 2014 | Learner Name | | Assessor name | Adelaide McLaughlin amp; New Lecturer (TBC) | | Assignment title | Vocational Experience | Criteria Assessed | P1 explain the structure and function of a health or social care organisationP2 report on own contributions to a specific team activity relating to health and socialRead MoreCommunity Based Theory Effectiveness For Alzheimer s Disease1441 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal experience. Having worked as a caregiver at Quality Care AFH, I have had enough experience with people requiring personalized care. The main psychological problems or diseases I came across when working there are mainly mental, such as memory problems, or illnesses which resulted from deep emotional traumas. So, the present research will be based on the theory of Jose Miguel Caldas de Almeida and Helen Killaspy who researched health care of long-term mental illnesses. The authors are focused inRead MoreHealth and social care1434 Words   |  6 PagesIn Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 16: Understanding Specific Needs in Health and Social Care Student No. Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 30/05/2014 11/07/2014 Submitted on Assignment title LO2 Task No. Assess how perceptions of specific needs have changed over time. 1 1.3 LO1 In this assessment you will have the opportunity to present evidence that shows you are able to Analyse concepts of health, disability

A Raisin In The Minds, And Innocent Is Irrelevant

Many people would be shocked to learn that less than thirty percent of workers land their dream job. However, the only thing standing in the way from pursuing that desireable dream is the government who defines the color of your skin. Unfortunately, people of all skin colors get denied the right to pursue a happiness that they desired base on their skin color rather than their personalities. The Declaration of Independence tells us that the we should be able to have the right to pursue happiness including chasing a dream that was once an aspiration. In reality, American government denies that right to have that happiness. In the play A Raisin in the Sun, the essay â€Å"Trouble in the Minds†, and â€Å"Innocent is Irrelevant† proves what happens†¦show more content†¦Ibe wrote the article â€Å"Trouble in Mind.† The Article â€Å"Trouble in Mind† is about how Ibe was never define about his race until he came to America. When he came to America, he was defined as â€Å"black† and his culture had been taken away from him. Adding on, Ibe desire happiness: he wanted his race and original culture to be with him in a world of judgement and defining people. Even when the Declaration of Independence concludes everyone should have life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Sadly, people would have views that would still define Ibe. Ibe is still judged based on his skin color rather than his personality. He shared that â€Å"I had some CDs in my hand and they had received a call about someone breaking into an apartment of course they wanted to know where I was coming from, where I was going, who gave me those CDs,† (Ibe 72) Realizing he could never find the happiness of not being stereotyped. The government stereotype people race every day with s check box about race. He realizes being black has its proud moments. He wrote â€Å"maybe Im just playing the race card of maybe in America race is always the card Iam dealt w ith† (Iba 74) Iba always felt like he was being defined and stereotype. In a Raisin in the Sun Walter also got mad because blacks are always known as waiting for whites and all he needs is to learn to deal with the situation. For Walter all he needs to learn is to develop with the race situation. â€Å"Innocence isShow MoreRelatedThe And Oral Communication Curriculum2560 Words   |  11 Pagesgender. As teenage research writers, personally, our lives have been sheltered and confined, leading us to believe these injustices exist only in works of literature, such as those we shared in the honors written and oral communication curriculum: A Raisin in the Sun, To Kill a Mockingbird, Romeo and Juliet, and other time-tested works. Unfortunately, identity based on sex isn’t some foreign concept. In fact, we have found traces of gender discrimination in and around our â€Å"safe† local communities. TogetherRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesMy bad. The car hit a bump and some pill bottles rolled out of a small box to Walts feet. Walt picked the bottle up with a look a suspicion. What are these? Epaq pills. Its essentially krill oil in a capsule. Its good for the heart and mind. I take it all the time. Well that settles any worries of you being a druggy. Well, I got fifty kilos of cocaine in the back, Thomas said sarcastically. Want to arrest me for it? Walt laughed loudly. Do you have a family around?

Undeniable Fallouts From The Edward Snowden -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question Discuss About The Undeniable Fallouts From The Edward Snowden? Answer: Introduction Information ethics is defined as a core part of ethics that focuses on the relationship between managing, distribution, formation, and usage of data and the ethical standards and moral obligations that perform the activities of governing human actions in society (Floridi, 2010). Information ethics provides a platform that deals with ethical nature of issue relating to information such as privacy of data, issues regarding information ownership, misrepresented facts and others (Ocholla, Onyancha, and Britz, 2010). This report will evaluate the case of Edward Snowden by using Doing Ethics technique (DET) and the ACS code of ethics. The DET technique did not necessarily provide the best solution for the ethical issue, but it assists in ethical evaluation of a situation. ACS code of ethics has provided six core ethical values that are mandatory to be followed by everyone in the society which assist them in behaving as professional and guide them to resolve ethical dilemmas. The case of Ed ward Snowden will be analysed in the report based on two techniques. The first technique focuses on analysing the facts and ethical dilemma in the case and the second technique evaluate the degree of ACS code of ethics influence over the case. Further, the report will analyse the statements of different authorities that were involved in the case and provided recommendations for the situation. Analysis of the Situation using the Doing Ethics Technique In 2013, Edward Snowden was held responsible for leaking the confidential data of National Security Agency (NSA). He was an employee of defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton while working for NSA and a former CIA system administrator. Snowden leaked the data to the Washington Post and The Guardian (Scheuerman, 2014). The US government and various legal authorities stated that Snowden had breached the terms of Espionage Act 1917 which provide that leak of state confidential records is considered as an act of betrayal. Snowden argued that he did not breach any legal policies, instead he has made public aware of the wrongdoing of NSA which is a moral act. People have different opinions about the case as many individuals consider him as traitor whereas others consider his act was morally right. What are the facts? Following are various facts of the case which provide evidence regarding the morality or immorality of the action taken by Snowden. Edward Snowden is a former CIA agent who leaked the confidential information regarding the data mining program of NSA to the press through which the government collects and mines the data of millions of peoples phones and internet traffic information to identify any potential link to terrorists (Greenwald, 2014). As per the US government, Snowden breached and violated the policies of Espionage Act 1917. Snowden was a pre-employee of Booz Allen Hamilton before three months of the breach, and he accepted that he took that job only to gather all the information regarding NSA surveillance programs (Daily Mail, 2013). Many people praised the act of Snowden because it provided information about how NSA stores the information about people without their knowledge (Greenwald, MacAskill and Poitras, 2013). What are the issues? Following are the key issue raised in this case: The primary issue is whether the actions of the government are moral to implement a program which collected private data of people in order to collect information regarding potential terrorist activities. Snowden leaked the information about the program which let people know about the secret program of the government. US government is angry at the actions of Snowden since it portrays them as two-faced and negative affected their foreign relations. The lack of privacy reduces the peoples trust in the government. Snowden also flew away from the country after the incident which raised a question on his integrity and whether he should be punished for his actions. Who is affected? After the leak of NSA information, Snowden flew away from the country, and the government cancelled his passport. The provision of Whistle Blower Protection Act provides that he cannot enter the country because he had a contractual relationship with the government. Therefore, the entire incident had a negative impact on the life and career of Snowden (Chadwick and Collister, 2014). US Government The incident affected US government since it negatively affected their relationship with other counties. It reduces peoples trust in the country due to lack of privacy. The changes provided by Obama Administration restrict NSA from collecting the information about phone calls and internet traffic data of people without prior court approval (Lucas, 2014). Many countries including Russia, Brazil, and Germany decrease the number of commercial treaties with the country after the incident. Germany asked for investigating the operation of NSA to ensure that they are not spying on the country (Grier, 2013). The president of Brazil also cancelled his trip to the United States after the incident. Russian government stated that the incident of Snowden prove that the US government is two-faced (Nolan, 2013). Terrorists After the incident, the government shuts down NSA operations for collecting people data through internet traffic and phone calls which make it easier for terrorists to hide their identity in the country and plot their next attack. Terrorist groups can also kidnap Snowden to collect confidential information about US government which can be detrimental for the country. People were also affected by the incident because they find out that the government collects their information without them even knowing. It reduces the trust of public on the actions of the government. Many people were praising the actions of Snowden whereas others were opposing it by saying that it risks national security (BBC, 2014). Cloud Service Providers After the incident, many people doubt the services of US-based cloud service providers because they think that their data might be compromised and the government can the access their data without them even knowing. The incident caused substantial financial losses to US-based cloud service providers and reduced their profits (Naughton, 2013). What are the ethical issues and implications? According to Utilitarianism (consequence base) theory, the US citizens are happy with the actions of Snowden because it provides information about governments secret program which was violating their privacy and it resulted in ending such program. As per Deontology (duty base) theory, the government is unhappy because Snowden leaked their confidential data by breaching his duties. As per the provision of this theory, Snowden shouldnt have breached his duty against NSA and the US government (Murata, Adams and Lara Palma, 2017). According to Contractarianism theory, Snowden has breached his contract of services which make him legally liable as per Espionage Act; however, morally his actions are ethical. As per character-based (virtues) theory, Snowden is a good, honest and loyal citizen since he provides them information about the government program which was detrimental to their privacy (Branum, and Charteris-Black, 2015). What can be done about it? There are various alternative solutions can be applied in this case as per ethical theories. The government can waive the annulment of Snowdens passport and bring him back to the country for judging the incident by people. NSA is required to change their policies to ensure that they are not able to disrupt peoples privacy without prior permission from the court. The government should focus on bringing Snowden back since he is a potential threat to the country. Terrorists can capture him and torture him to collect all the confidential information regarding the US government programs which can compromise national security. Snowden can also reveal the information to terrorists for money; therefore, the US government should focus on bringing him back in the country. What are the options? There are various possible options available that can assist in resolving this issue. Snowden can never come back to the country which makes the US government unhappy since he is a potential threat to the country and terrorist can collect confidential data from him which can be detrimental to national security. However, not coming to the US again will make Snowden happy since he did not have to face any charges for violating his duties. The government can change its policies for collecting the information about people which disrupts their privacy. The change in policies will make people happy since it will protect their privacy but it will make the US government unhappy because it can increase the risk of potential terrorist attack. Another option is that Snowden comes back to the country which will make the US government happy since it reduces the risk of terrorist collecting confidential data of the country and the government can take legal actions against Snowden for breaching his duties. However, it will make Snowden unhappy since he will be charged with violation his duties even when his action was moral. Which option is the best and why? As per ethical theories and ACS code of ethics, the best option is that the US government should change their policies regarding the collection of private data of public without prior permission of the court. It is based on Character-based (virtue) theory, and it is best because it increases people trust in the country and improve their foreign relations. Snowden can also come back to the country if government change their policies and consider his actions as a whistle-blower. Analysis of the Situation from the point of view of an ICT professional using the ACS Code of Ethics ACS Code of Ethics provides that public interest is above all; the actions of an individual should consider public interest before the organisational or personal benefit. A person should ensure that his/her actions comply with society and governments regulations, and he/she should prioritise public interest above all (Burmeister, 2013). In the case of Snowden, he has followed the ACS code of ethics since he revealed the information to let people know that the NSA has breached their data. Snowden leaked the confidential data about NSAs data mining and information collection program which collects public data from telephone calls and internet traffics. He did not comply with his duties and violated government laws for the interest of the public. The Enhancement of Quality of Life This principle provides that actions of people should focus on improving others lives, especially who are affected by their work. The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has a substantial influence on peoples lifestyle and overall society (McDermid, 2015). Snowden was aware of the fact that the program of NSA has a substantial influence on peoples lives that were living in the United States. The whole program was a breach of public privacy because it did not collect prior permission from the court (Di Salvo and Negro, 2016). By leaking the confidential files, Snowden let the public know about the program of NSA to ensure that they protect their privacy. Therefore, it can be stated that he fulfil the principle of improving peoples quality of life. Honesty In todays competitive business world, corporations have to ensure that their actions are taken based on integrity and honesty. The companies can misuse their power and use deception to cover their illegal activities which is strictly prohibited by the ACS code of ethics (Venables, Tan, and Pradhan, 2014). In this case, NSA was collecting people data without them knowing, and they were doing it without any permission from the court. The theft of data was a serious security breach which shows that NSA breaches the honesty principle. On the other hand, Snowden also breached the principle of honesty because the leaked the confidential data to the public. His actions proved his dishonesty towards the organisation due to which he loses the trust of stakeholders. Competence This principle means that a person should only accept such work which he/she is capable of performing. The individual should be competent to perform the work that he/she has accepted and should not hesitate to take advice from other professionals regarding the same (Warren and Lucas, 2016). A person should know and accept his/her capabilities and limitation about the knowledge of ICT. In this case, Snowden has both the option to reveal the information of NSA or keep it a secret to himself. He decided to leak the information in public by complying with the principles of improving peoples quality of life and prioritising public interest. However, he performs the action in a dishonest way. But, he was aware of the legislation and programs included in the case, therefore, in a manner, he fulfil competency principle of ACS code of ethics. Professional Development This principle provides that an individual should ensure that he/she is updated regarding the latest development, practices, and legislation in technology. A person should focus on increasing his/her awareness about the issues that are related to public and profession. A person should support the program which assists in developing ICT advancements that are focused towards satisfying the public requirements (Al-Saggaf and Burmeister, 2013). Snowden was aware of the advancements and practices in the organisation and the technology that use used by the employees of NSA to collect and store that private data of public. He updated his knowledge regarding the facts and programs of NSA and understood how they are collecting peoples data. He collected the confidential data and released it in newspapers for people to see. The government still believe that Snowden might be hiding more information about the program which he did not disclose to the public. Professionalism This ethic provides that a person should perform each action with professionalism. A person is required to maintain adequate professional standards while performing any action, and he/she should focus on enhancing the integrity of ACS. ACS assists in increasing people confidence and trust in the ICT industry by ensuring that members are maintaining professionalism in their actions (ACS, 2014). These principles assist in taking corrective actions against whistle-blowers. Snowden takes his actions professional which justify his actions as a whistle-blower. He leaked the confidential data against NSAs program which was breaching peoples privacy. On the other hand, as per NSA and US government, Snowden violated the Espionage Act and breached the national security which shows his unprofessionalism. Conclusion From the above observation, it can be concluded that there are various ethical issues in the Edward Snowden case which are analysed by implementing DET technique. The report provided that Snowden violated Espionage Act and breached national security for fulfilling his policies as a whistle-blower by revealing NSA confidential data in the press. The incident was analysed based on ethical theories to evaluate its morality and for examining options that are suitable in this case. The ACS code of ethics is evaluated in the report to address this issue. Snowden fulfil some of the ACS code of ethics and breached others such as he prioritises public interest, his actions enhance peoples quality of life and his competency. On the other hand, he breached various ethical principles as well such as professionalism, honesty and professional development. Therefore, although Snowdens actions have risked national security, he has protected the privacy of millions of people. Recommendations Following recommendations can assist US government in ethically handling the issues. The government should change their policies regarding collecting private information of public without prior courts permission which will improve their character and foreign relations. Snowden should be brought back to the country, and he should be protected as per whistle-blower since his actions protect the privacy of millions. The government should improve the security of its operations to avoid any leakage of data to terrorist groups. References ACS. (2014) ACS Code of Professional Conduct. [PDF] ACS. Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Al-Saggaf, Y. and Burmeister, O.K. (2013) A survey of Australian ICT professionals perceptions regarding the most common ethical problems they face in the workplace. InProceedings of the Seventh AICE Conference(pp. 43-48). BBC. (2014) Edward Snowden: Leaks that exposed US spy programme. [Online] BBC. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-23123964 [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Branum, J. and Charteris-Black, J. (2015) The Edward Snowden affair: A corpus study of the British press.Discourse Communication,9(2), pp.199-220. Burmeister, O.K. (2013) Achieving the goal of a global computing code of ethics through an international-localisation hybrid.Ethical Space,10(4), pp.25-32. Chadwick, A. and Collister, S. (2014) Boundary-Drawing Power and the Renewal of Professional News Organizations: The Case of The Guardian and the Edward Snowden NSA Leak.International Journal of Communication,8, p.22. Daily Mail. (2013) Edward Snowden says he took a job with Booz Allen specifically so he could gather information on NSA surveillance programs. [Online] Daily Mail. Available at: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2347691/Edward-Snowden-reveals-took-job-Booz-Allen-gather-information-NSA-surveillance-programs.html [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Di Salvo, P. and Negro, G. (2016) Framing Edward snowden: A comparative analysis of four newspapers in China, United Kingdom and United States.Journalism,17(7), pp.805-822. Floridi, L. (2010) Information ethics.The Cambridge handbook of information and computer ethics, pp.77-99. Greenwald, G. (2014)No place to hide: Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the US surveillance state. Macmillan. New York: Metropolitan Books. Greenwald, G., MacAskill, E. and Poitras, L. (2013) Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations.The Guardian,9(6), p.2. Grier, P. (2013) Are Edward Snowden NSA leaks messing up US foreign relations?. [Online] The Christian Science Monitor. Available at: https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2013/0903/Are-Edward-Snowden-NSA-leaks-messing-up-US-foreign-relations [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Lucas, G.R. (2014) NSA management directive# 424: Secrecy and privacy in the aftermath of Edward Snowden.Ethics International Affairs,28(1), pp.29-38. McDermid, D. (2015)Ethics in ICT: an Australian perspective. Melbourne: Pearson Higher Education AU. Murata, K., Adams, A.A. and Lara Palma, A.M. (2017) Following Snowden: a cross-cultural study on the social impact of Snowdens revelations.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,15(3), pp.183-196. Naughton, J. (2013) After Edward Snowden's revelations, why trust US cloud providers?. [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/15/edward-snowden-nsa-cloud-computing [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Nolan, R. (2013) 5 Undeniable Fallouts from the Edward Snowden Leaks. [Online] US News. Available at: https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/world-report/2013/09/20/brazil-russia-and-the-impact-of-edward-snowden-on-us-foreign-relations [Accessed 3 February 2018]. Ocholla, D.N., Onyancha, O.B. and Britz, J. (2010) Can information ethics be conceptualized by using the core/periphery model?.Journal of informetrics,4(4), pp.492-502. Scheuerman, W.E. (2014) Whistleblowing as civil disobedience: The case of Edward Snowden.Philosophy Social Criticism,40(7), pp.609-628. Venables, A.T., Tan, G. and Pradhan, S. (2014) A collaborative framework for a cross-institutional assessment to shape future IT professionals.Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology,11, pp.215-223. Warren, M. and Lucas, R. (2016) Ethics and ICT: Why all the fuss?.Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society,14(2), pp.167-169.

Madison Vs. Marshall Essays - James Madison, United States

Madison Vs. Marshall Upon the Declaration of Independence, a plan of confederation was offered to be prepared for the colonies. This plan, known as The Articles of Confederation, established a league of friendship among the states rather than a national government. The most significant fact about the created government was its weakness, it could not enforce even the limited powers it had. In James Madisons words, in his Federalist Paper #10 complaints are everywhere heardthat our governments are too unstable. The states had won their freedom but had been unable to form a nation. They fought among themselves, suffered from severe economic depression, and came close to losing the peace they had won in war. These political and economic factors generated pressure for the creation of a new national government and a constitution. In Madisons view, politics was overrun by different factions, which were groups of people who shared the same interests, different from other people or the opinion of the whole. These factions, he thought, prevented the government from its most important task, which in his opinion was to protect the owners of the land and property. The ownership of the land was divided according to peoples different skills, faculties, and according to Madison, the protection of these faculties is the first object of the government. And since the majority of the people were farmers and poor, and since those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society, Madison wanted a constitution that would give the government the power to control the majority. In his address to the American Bar Association, Thurgood Marshall criticizes the constitution by saying that I do not believe that the meaning of the Constitution was forever fixed at the Philadelphia convention. In his opinion the government that they devised was defective from the beginning, meaning that the Constitution required several amendments before it became what people today consider as the basic structure of the American government. The constitution is very different today than what the framers began to construct two centuries ago. Marshall thinks that there was much wrong with the original document, he finds many inherent defects, but is willing to admit that it was a product of its times and embodied a compromise that, under other circumstances, would not have been made. By this he means the contradiction between promising liberty and justice for all and denying both from blacks. He seems very bitter about the events in history considering the black people as he says t hat the Constitution, as originally written was a document that laid a foundation for the tragic events that were to follow, meaning slavery. But what both Madison and Marshall agree on, is that the constitution was not perfect and complete in the beginning, it required amendments. The word democracy was not popular at the Constitutional convention in Philadelphia, because at the time it meant rule by the masses, and the framers thought that majority rule would be mob rule. According to Madison such democracieshave ever been found incompatible with personal security, or the rights of property. At that time it was difficult for the average person to be aware of national issues, and thats why a republic, a representative democracy was created. Madison wanted a system of representation, which would not allow the majority rule, in his opinion the representatives would be more enlightened than the average people. Also because of the size of the area, it was easier than direct democracy. The constitution left voting requirements up to the state government, and only free white males were allowed to participate. Madison didnt believe in the equality of all citizens, as he says by reducing mankind to a perfect equality in their political rights, they would, at the same time, be perfectly equalized and assimilated in their possessions, their opinions, and their passions. This idea, rage foran equal division of property, or for any other improper or wicked project, seems impossible and dangerous to him. Considering majority rule as a part of the definition of democracy, in Thurgood Marshalls opinion the Founding Fathers did not have in mind the majority of the American people when they used the phrase