Annotated Bibliography On Web Security - 1613 Words

Chapter Two Web Security 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, we will discuss the historical background on the objectives of Web services and security,and it will be touched upon the other subjects such us Confidentiality, integrity, authenticity services, authentication methods, Zero-Knowledge Proof protocols, and Diffie-Hellman key exchange is also discussed. 2.2 Web Security Goals We can say that the data and sensitive information that is sent over computer network be vulnerable to attacks by hackers. This information should be protected by others for potential by some hacker threats,they can read and change the contents of the message and information and exploit this information for personal benefit[17] . To confirm that the information sent is safe and has not been penetrates and the information never changed during the the transmitter there is a main services will be handled which is confidentiality, integrity, and authenticity [20]. Any system of communication when it is designed these security services are taken into account and these security services must be defined,and can be shortened format as (CIA) [17]. 2.2.1 Confidentiality Confidentiality services is the first objective of the web services. It means the restrict access to sensitive information and data to any person except the persons or groups who have security clearance to see these data. It measure and prevent the unauthorized disclosure ofShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography On Web Services Security1713 Words   |  7 PagesOverview Web Services Security has developed, implement, and will maintain a policy to ensure that appropriate safeguard measures are taken to be in compliance with American Legal System. 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Cyber-crimes are becoming more popular and because of the many attacks that are happening much more frequently it has caused for a higher demand in cyber security professionals. Companies spend millions of dollars to correct security breaches within their organization. Back inRead MoreEssay about Annotated Bibliography on Information Technology768 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on Information Technology Mobile Security in the Future Adesina, A. O., Agbele, K. K., Februarie, R., Abidoye, A. P., amp; Nyongesa, H. O. (2011). Ensuring the security and privacy of information in mobile health-care communication systems. South African Journal of Science, 107(9), 26-32. This research article examines the security concerns of using mobile technology systems in health care institution. 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So to begin an examination on criteria of Enterprise System Security I chose a theme that is Present to Your Own Device. BYOD (bring your own gadget) is the expanding pattern toward worker claimed gadgets inside of a business. Cell phones are the most widely recognized case yet representatives additionally take their own Tablets, Laptops and USB crashes into the working environment. BYOD is one of the most sweltering subjects in big business security. NotwithstandingRead MoreFast Food Nation Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily by offering cheap value meals which keeps fast foods chains still striving and remain popular. Fast food has become a comfort food during struggling economic hardship can provide comfort and reduce stress, increase satisfaction feeling and security. With promotions items or dollar value meals, some families which eat at fast food restaurant can find it cheaper to eat their rather than going to local grocery store and purchase food for the family. Another reas on fast foods restaurants have been

Introduction to Computing Visits Actor–Network Theory

Question: Collect, analyse, present and comment upon business data. Identify the relationship between computer hardware and software. Describe the most common types of software programmes and explain how they may be used to enhance management functions. Answer: Introduction Various actants, including both non-technical and technical, comprises the theory of computing. In a computing network, changes occur in a network when any actants connect to or act upon another actant. This specific statement reveals the significant role and relationship between the different actants in modern computing. The applications the Actor Network Theory in computing helps in understanding the interconnection and relationship between the human and non-human actants acting within a network. The approach of actor-network theory helps in appreciating the complexity existing in an organization or reality (Liebenberg, 2012). Furthermore, the application of the Actor Network Theory helps in understanding the social effects that are promoted as the result of the association of different actants in the network. This particular assignment focuses on evaluating the two modern computing stories IBM is one step closer to mimicking the human brain and Google wants to stop you entering passwords with the application of Actor Network Theory. Two contemporary stories related to modern computing Relevancy of Actor Network Theory for understanding computing Actor-Network Theory is one of the most influential theories in the theory of modern computing. Michel Callon, Bruno Latour, and John Law first developed the Actor Network Theory in the early 1980s for exploring the structure and growth of information. Bajde, (2013) has defied ANT as a computing approach for practicing sociology. The actor-network theory does not only limit to the social science but comprises the science and criteria of association between the actants. The relevant reasons for applying the Actor Network Theory for studying computing are as follows: The ANT allows identifying the interconnection between the human and non-human actants acting upon a network; ATN analyzing the relationship between the actants while hiding the individual characteristics of the connected actants; iii. ATN reveals the technological influence on society and human actants that possess the potential for changing the social interactions and interconnections between the actants; Computing Story 1: IBM is one step closer to mimicking the human brain, 3 August 2016 Story Description Imitation of the human brain is the focus of research for the last decades. Recently, the scientists of IBM were successful in mirroring the biological function of human brain. The creation of randomly spiking artificial neurons can thoroughly process a huge amount of data and store them (Bell, 2016). The artificial neurons have made a breakthrough in cognitive computing and development of neuromorphic, energy efficient and ultra dense technologies. The artificially developed neural brain has shown influential phase-change characteristics and computations primitives while using very less energy similar to the human brain. In addition to that, the artificial brain has been able to react to the external stimulation (electrical pulse) causing a phase- change material to crystallize. Categorizing the actants For categorizing, the various actants in the story the theory of ANT has been applied. In this particular story, the artificial neural brain, Internet of Things, neuromorphic technologies and neuron are the digital actants. While on the other hand, the computers and Blue-ray are defined as the hardware actants that acts on the network. The technology and algorithms used in developing the artificial neural brain are considered as the software actants and the scientist, and IMB team is defined as the human actants in the current story. The software actants pull on the software actants in this story that has brought significant changes in the artificially designed neural network. Enhancing the Management Functions In this contemporary computing story, the application of the Actor Network Theory reveals the relationship and interconnection between the identified actants in the network. The development of the artificial neural brain network has provided the scientist with the imitation of the human brain that also shows computation problems like data correlations (Horowitz, 2012. Mimicking the activities of the human brain is one of the critical tasks that have resulted in hundreds of research and theoretical study previously. The practical application of the artificial neural networks still required more demonstration. The result in of experiment has provided sustainable switching cycles and complex signals. There remains an area of management functionalities to improve the computation performance of the artificial neural brain that can be used for high volume and velocity of information processing. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate With the interconnection of thousands of devices on the internet, a high volume of data is being generated at high velocity. It is difficult to control and process the huge volume of information. Pollack, Costello, and Sankaran, (2013) cited that the time and power required for processing the huge volume of information are much higher that affordable. The use of artificial neural network was able to compute multiple easy of data processing with the frequency of mere 100Hz. The high processing speed and less power consumption significantly impact the human actants and neuromorphic technologies in this story. Computing Story 2: Google wants to stop you entering passwords, 5 August 2016 Story Description With the recent trends, Goggle is currently supporting its users to use YOLO attitude for managing password. The YOLO (You Only Login Once) allows the users to online to devices only once. Google has teamed up with the Dashlane and Android developers to allow access using third party software. The open source YOLO API stores all the user id and password for all the applications for easy management (Reynolds, 2016). Currently, the application is developed only for the Android Operating System. The use of password management system allows the users for easy access and managing password of different applications at the same time. Categorizing the actants The application of the Actor-Network Theory has revealed the different actants and network in the current story. Android Operation systems, YOLO software, Dashlane, YOLO API are identified as the software actants in the computing story. The tangible mobile devices like mobile phones and tablets are considered as the hardware actants. On the other hand, the people using the Android devices are the human actants in the current contemporary story. The software and hardware actants in the story significantly impact the human actants with its interconnections. Enhancing the Management Functions Google and Android system has together connected millions of people together with different applications and services. Every application uses its specialized user id and password for login. Its become very difficult for the users to remember all the password of the different applications and log-in every time to use the applications (Bueger, 2013). The open source YOLO API allows the users to store and manage the password for all the applications. The linking of the different applications and websites through the YOLO third party software only needs the users to log in once with the password and user-id. Currently, the YOLO application is only developed for the Android devices. There remains a scope of management functionalities of developing the YOLO system independent of the operating system. Linking the Story to larger issues and contemporary debate In linking to the second contemporary story about the Googles encouragement of password management system using YOLO, there lay significant issues (Wissink, 2013). The YOLO application stores the user id and password for a variety of applications and websites. Being an open source application on the android system, the YOLO has faced various password leaks and hacks currently. Although the system provides an easy login to the different applications with one click fails to ensure safety and security of the user data (Vezyridis, and Timmons, 2014). The larger issue is to ensure the data integrity and security of the users of Android devices. Moreover, since a massive number of data is being generated nowadays, is required to control the security of the information. Limitation of Knowledge Long Term Effect of Computing: The use of computing for a long time results in the generation of the huge volume of structured and unstructured data (Durepos, and Mills, 2012). Understanding the impact of the data to the human actants is much required for analyzing the relation between the human and non-human actants in any network. Problems of ANT: The utilization of the Actor Network Theory is not possible in every case. The use of ANT in research study causes more time and financial resource (Fioravanti, and Velho, 2016). In the research study, if there is efficient time, the number of cases to analyze ANT is not sufficient. Dwiartama, and Rosin, (2014) have stated that ANT is useful in providing social interconnections between the actants but fails to produce any statistical data to the applications. Conclusion The application of the Actor Network Theory in the two modern computing theories has identification of the actants and network in the computing stories successfully. The selected stories have provided in-depth analyzing of the modern computing with the application of ANT. In the first story IBM is one step closer to mimicking the human brain the analyzing with the Actor-Network Theory has revealed the impact of artificial neural network in big data and data processing. In the second story "Google wants to stop you entering passwords", the ANT has revealed the different underlying relations between the human actants and security of data. Therefore, the applications of the ANT in the computing stories have provided connections between the actants and its impact on the social environment. References Bajde, D., (2013). Consumer culture theory (re) visits actornetwork theory Flattening consumption studies. Marketing Theory, 13(2), pp.227-242. Bell, L. (2016).IBM is one step closer to mimicking the human brain. [online] WIRED UK. Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/cientists-mimicking-human-brain-computation [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Bueger, C., (2013). Actor Network Theory, Methodology, and International Organization. International Political Sociology, 7(3), pp.338-342. Durepos, G. and Mills, A.J., (2012). Actor-network theory, ANTi-history and critical organizational historiography. Organization, 19(6), pp.703-721. Dwiartama, A. and Rosin, C., (2014). Exploring agency beyond humans: the compatibility of actor-network theory (ANT) and resilience thinking. Ecology and Society, 19(3), p.28. Fioravanti, C. and Velho, L., (2016). Let's follow the actors! Does Actor-Network Theory have anything to contribute to science journalism?. Transcultural, 6, p.04. Horowitz, L.S., (2012). Translation Alignment: Actor Network Theory, Resistance, and the Power Dynamics of Alliance in New Caledonia. Antipode, 44(3), pp.806-827. Liebenberg, J., (2012), October. Unravelling the Text Book as Embodied Curriculum: An Actor-Network Theory View of an Android-based eBook Implementation in a South African Secondary School. In M. Specht, M. Sharples and J. Multisilta eds.,, mLearn (pp. 302-307). Pollack, J., Costello, K. and Sankaran, S., 2013. Applying ActorNetwork Theory as a sensemaking framework for complex organisational change programs. International Journal of Project Management, 31(8), pp.1118-1128. Reynolds, M. (2016).Google wants to stop you entering passwords. [online] WIRED UK. Available at: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/google-dashlane-password-manager-openyolo [Accessed 5 Aug. 2016]. Vezyridis, P. and Timmons, S., (2014). Implementing an Emergency Department Information System: An Actor-Network Theory Case Study. International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation (IJANTTI), 6(1), pp.17-30. Wissink, B., (2013). Enclave urbanism in Mumbai: An actor-network-theory analysis of urban (dis) connection. Geoforum, 47, pp.1-11.

Marketing Plan Example Essay Example

Marketing Plan Example Essay AAA Wine/Spirits Marketing Plan – AAA Wine/Spirits Expansion Table of Contents Executive Summary4 Company Description5 Vision, Mission, Beliefs and Values 6 Core Competencies7 Situation Analysis9 Competitors11 Target Market12 Action Plan13 The Marketing Mix14 Product Strategy15 Distribution Strategy15 Promotion Strategy16 Pricing Strategy18 Customer and Supplier Relationship Management18 Budget and Monitoring19 Summary and Conclusion21 List of References23 Table of Figures / Charts Action Plan14 Invoice Sales $14 First Year Budget 19 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AAA Wine/Spirits vision is to be the leading distributor of beverage alcohol and create superior value for all tiers of the industry. We have achieved this vision by embracing a mission of providing superior business solutions that drive growth and value for customers and suppliers alike through our national scale, state-level share, local market intelligence and brand-building expertise. In backing this mission and vision with deeds, AAA has invested heavily in its people, its operations, and its technological capabilities, all of which add value to the three-tier distribution system—a legal system under which wine, spirits and beer pass from the manufacturer/supplier (first tier) to the distributor (second tier) and on to either the retailer or restaurateur (third tier). AAA is committed to customer service as well as performing at the highest levels of professionalism and marketing creativity. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Plan Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Having successfully established its wine and spirits distribution business in 10 States, AAA is now looking to initiate operations in California. Beginning in March 2011, AAA will offer statewide distribution of wine and spirits merchandise based on an exclusive distribution contract with suppliers such as XXX Spirits, YYY Wines and ZZZ USA. Distribution operations will be initiated from a state-of-the-art warehouse in San Diego, California with a sales office in neighboring San Francisco. AAA will leverage its reputation for successfully building brands and romoting premium wine and spirits brands to secure a major share of the California wine and spirits distribution market. From a marketing perspective, AAA will use its tried and tested strategy of promoting On-Premise sales to drive sales for Off-Premise customers. AAA will hire and train its sales staff in California to be the best-in-industry with a â€Å"Most feet on the Street† guarantee, promising maximized brand expo sure. Integrated Marketing Communications will be used to first create awareness of the products and build interest in the benefits provided by AAA Wine/Spirits. A mix of traditional and customized marketing techniques like E-selling, direct one-on-one marketing, marketing programs and promotions will be used to communicate AAA product and value offering. Competitive high/low pricing with appropriate discounting will be employed to penetrate and dominate the California wine and spirits market. Customer Loyalty Rewards programs and other incentives will be offered to build and strengthen its relationships with its customers in California. A successful launch of AAA’s distribution business in California is projected to bring in invoice sales of approximately $118 Million for the year 2011 and is expected to break even in the third quarter of 2012. AAA expects to achieve a yearly goal of 20% increase in invoice sales. Monthly and quarterly sales growth targets will be tracked and adjustments will be made to the marketing and promotion strategies as needed. The ultimate goal for AAA Wine/Spirits is to establish itself as the No. choice for wine and spirits suppliers and to be the one-stop-shop for wine and spirits customers in the State of California. COMPANY DESCRIPTION Since its founding in 1997, AAA Wine/Spirits Inc. has grown to be a nationally recognized wine and spirits distributor known for its historic commitment to delivering the highest standards of customer service and creative marketing programs and partnerships. The company is also known for its best-in-industry professional and well-trained sales, op erational and support staff. AAA is also justly respected for its deeply held belief in he importance of giving back to the communities it operates in and for being a socially responsible corporate citizen and for making generous contributions to national, state and local charitable organizations. Today, AAA operates in 15 states, including its original Florida market, where its corporate headquarters is located in Orlando. Pursuing a determined strategy to expand through internal growth as well as through the acquisition of established wholesalers, AAA expanded its Florida operations into a number of states and is now looking to grow in California. VISION, MISSION, BELIEFS and Values Corporate Vision: To be the leading distributor of beverage alcohol while creating superior value for all tiers of the industry. Mission: Providing superior business solutions that drive growth and value for customers and suppliers alike through our national scale, state-level share, local market intelligence and brand-building expertise. Beliefs and Values: Our people are our most fundamental resource. We recognize that employee contributions through teamwork and empowerment are critical to the success of the company. Our goal is to provide a positive environment for our employees that encourages creativity, recognizes innovation and rewards results. Quality: Superior quality and continuous improvement in all aspects of our business results from a dedication to employee development with a commitment towards ever increasing customer satisfaction. Statement of Environmental Impact: AAA Wine/Spirits strives to provide excellent sales and service while minimizing our environmental impact. Our efforts are aimed at saving energy as well as promoting sustainable environmental practices. We have implemented these responsible practices into our daily operations, as we continue to set goals that challenge us to increase efficiencies and reduce waste. Lighter-weight delivery trucks for small deliveries are being used in California and Florida. Trucks fueled by biodiesel are being piloted in Florida, with research being done on the possibility of using hybrid and automatic transmission trucks. The speed on fleet vehicles has been governed to 60 miles per hour, and new idling and tire rotation policies put in place. Routing software has been upgraded at all divisions in an effort to increase routing efficiency, in turn reducing fuel consumption and emissions. High-efficiency lighting (e. g. motion-sensor systems) have been installed at our distribution centers. Core Competencies From its earliest days in Orlando, Florida, AAA Wine/Spirits has set out to be the most innovative and progressive distributor in each of its marketplaces. AAA prides itself as a company that not only responds to the needs and desires of its customers and suppliers, but also anticipates them. Recognizing the consolidation and growth of its supplier and customer trading partners in recent years, AAA has anticipated their needs by establishing a strategic, tightly knit organization that is capable of developing, executing, and creating value-added marketing, national accounts, promotions and category management services in every marketing sales and trade channel in each and every market in which AAA is present. Today, AAA represents approximately 1,200+ wine, spirits, beer, and beverage suppliers from around the world, and markets, promotes, merchandises, and distributes over 3,000 individual brands. Indeed, during a typical working week, AAA’s sales, delivery, and support staff collectively calls on or services over 200,000 different chain and independent retail and restaurant customers across the country. Today, AAA offers its suppliers the â€Å"Most feet on the Street† guarantee promising maximized brand exposure and distribution. Beginning in Florida, AAA worked hard to achieve efficient, statewide distribution capability, which it gained in 1990. Also in 1990, when much of Californias wine and spirits wholesale business was still handled by dozens of small, regional players, AAA Wine/Spirits operations was the first to gain statewide distribution capability. From then on, the companys strategy has been to offer statewide distribution from its local state of the art warehouses in each of its markets thus adding an invaluable dimension of service to both its suppliers and to its retail and restaurant customers alike. AAA was the first distributor to provide statewide merchandising and promotional support behind leading wine and spirits brands, a distribution trend that became the industry standard over time. AAA Wine/Spirits has a tradition of pursuing innovation and new technology for the benefit of brand owners and customers. AAA’s underlying criterion behind the application of new technology and back-office best practices is adding value to supplier and customer relationships, making AAA the distributor partner of choice. AAA’s back office operations provides all of its divisions with the deep content expertise, cutting-edge tools and process efficiencies that they need to win the competition in aisles, back bars and wine lists of our customers. To that end, AAA has developed and implemented software to manage the various functions of effective and efficient distribution. a. EasyOrder – A proprietary highly customizable sales tool which enables the sales force to lookup product information, and place orders wirelessly from mobile devices. b. EDE – Electronic Data Exchange allows for direct electronic data transfer to suppliers and service vendors. c. SAP – The best Enterprise Resource Planning tool to effectively manage Financials, Sales and Distribution, Inventory and Billing. d. RouteManager – A proprietary tool developed in partnership with UPS to plan the delivery routes for the trucks. e. Web Mobile – A proprietary web based GPS phone tool developed to plan the efficient loading of products onto the truck. Besides this, Web Mobile also allows for driver and delivery tracking thus improving productivity and providing better customer service. Situation Analysis As one of the country’s largest wine and spirits distributor, AAA is nationally recognized by its supplier partners as well as by its customers for its state-of-the-art distribution capabilities and its leading-edge information technology. Today, AAA operates in 15 states and is looking to expand its markets to California where it plans on setting up statewide distribution capability, providing merchandising and promotional support for its 2,000 + wine and spirits brands and 1,000+ suppliers. Political and Legal: AAA has had a longstanding commitment to the alcoholic beverage laws and regulations at both the state and federal levels. The regulatory framework for the production, distribution and retail sales of wine, spirits and beer is a three-tier distribution system where wine, distilled spirits or beer product move in a legally sanctioned series of transactions from the producer (first tier) to a designated distributor at the state level (second tier) and then on to a legally licensed retail, restaurant or bar (third tier). This three-tier distribution system is governed by the 21st Amendment of the United States Constitution which ended Prohibition and returned to the states all power over the sale and distribution of beer, wine and spirits. Its passage allowed federal as well as state authorities to tax wine, spirits and beer, which generate billions of tax dollars annually for local, state and federal authorities. At the state level, two legal approaches exist a competitive model and a so-called control model. Today, 32 states permit the private sector to distribute and sell alcoholic beverages, including such states as California, New York and Florida, among others. Elsewhere, 18 states have decided to adopt a so-called control model, under which the state is involved in one or more tiers of the traditional three-tier distribution system noted earlier. Control state markets like Pennsylvania and New Hampshire not only manage the distribution tier (and related tax revenue collections), but also the retail tier as well, while other control states like Michigan, North Carolina and Vermont all take slightly different approaches. Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America (WSWA), a trade organization and lobby group based in Washington, D. C. [1] that works to oppose initiatives to alter the three-tier model, contends that wholesalers perform state functions and are in the business of encouraging social responsibility concerning alcohol as well as alcohol wholesale. [2] The Specialty Wine Retailers Association (SWRA), a group representing the wine retail industry, is in direct opposition to WSWA and advocate the free movement of wine across state lines. 3][4] Economic: The annual per capita consumption of alcohol in the US is about 30 gallons of beer, 2 gallons of wine and 1 gallon of hard liquor. Alcohol purchases account for about 6 percent of an average AAA household’s food budget [6]. Demand is driven by consumer preferences in alcohol consumption and demographic trends. The profitability of individual companies depends on effective sales operations and maintaining low operating costs. Large companies have advantages in exclusive distribution rights in large markets. Small operations can compete effectively by distributing rare and expensive products. The industry is capital intensive with average annual revenue per employee in the range of $500,000 to $700,000 for wholesalers. Suppliers: The beer, wine and spirits industry buys from a variety of domestic suppliers, about 6,000 commercial wineries, 350 breweries, 1,500 microbreweries and 80 liquor distillers [6]. A few large producers dominate such as Anheuser-Busch, MillerCoors, Eamp;J Gallo, Constellation Brands and The Wine Group. Major importers include Heineken USA, Diageo, SABMiller and InBev. Beer and wine distributors generally have contracts with producers giving them exclusive distribution rights to products within certain markets. Constellation Brands is consolidating its U. S. distributor networks as fast as it can, while treating the distributors it keeps to enhanced profit levels. As of September 2009, Constellation had achieved its goal of one distributor per state in 19 markets, with plans to transition another 11 states within 2010. Diageo continues to consolidate to a single distributor in each US state, with plans to complete its consolidation as soon as possible. So far, Diageo has consolidated its distribution in 39 states and Washington, D. C. , representing more than 80 percent of the company’s U. S. wine and spirits volume. Technology: Recent technological advances in the Wine amp; Spirits Distribution Industry include wireless devices to track retail sales, integrated computer systems to order and track and distribute hundreds of products to thousands of retailers, radio frequency identification tags that follow cases or kegs as they travel through the supply chain. Competitors Existing Firms: The US beer, wine and spirits distribution industry includes about 4,000 companies with combined annual revenue of about $100 billion. Major companies include The Charmer Sunbelt Group, Glazer’s Wholesale Drug, National Wine amp; Spirits, and Southern Wine amp; Spirits of America. The beer wholesale industry is fragmented with the top 50 companies accounting for a third of industry revenue. The wine and spirits wholesale industry is concentrated with the top 50 companies accounting for more than 70 percent of industry revenue. New Entrants: The wine and spirits distribution business is a very lucrative and there is always a constant threat of new entrants. For example, Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway Inc. agreed to buy alcoholic-beverage distributor Kahn Ventures Inc. to add sales in Georgia and North Carolina and help the company prepare for further acquisitions in the industry [5]. Target Market Having successfully penetrated the wine and spirits markets in 10 states, AAA is now looking to California as it next market. The Wine amp; Spirits market in California is a $ 1. 5 Billion industry and the 5th largest consumer of alcohol beverages in the United States [6]. The Charmer Sunbelt Group and Glazer’s Wholesale Drugs have been in California for 5 years but have not been able to dominate some of the smaller wine and spirit distributors. AAA will look to establish its business in the state of California by offering statewide distribution of wine and spirits merchandise based on its exclu sive distribution contract with suppliers such as Diageo Spirits, Constellation Wines and Pernod Ricard USA. The typical market for Wine and Spirits retailers is clearly divided into two istinct profitability segments based on the alcohol consumption venue. On-Premise customers like Bars, Restaurants, Hotels, and Nightclubs serve alcoholic beverages on-site as part of their offerings. Off-Premise customers like liquor stores, grocery stores, chain stores, specialty stores sell wine, spirits and beers to individual customers for consumption at a location of their choosing. AAA will use its tried and tested strategy of promoting On-Premise sales to drive sales for Off-Premise customers since once customers become aware of the brand they will most likely purchase it from a store. Some of the target Off-Premise customers for AAA in the State of California would include, Brookshire Brothers, Bamp;B Foods, Carnival Food Stores, HEB Foods, Randall’s Food Market, Sack n’ Save, Super S Foods, United Super Markets, Walgreens, BJ’s, Costco, Sam’s Club and Wal-Mart. On-Premise customers would include TGI Fridays, Applebee’s, Chili’s and local bars, pubs, casinos and nightclubs. A third segment, the US armed forces (Army, Navy, Coast Guard and Air Force) exists. Merchandise will be sold at cost to this third segment. ACTION PLAN AAA Wine/Spiritswill launch its distributing operations in California using an exclusive distribution contract with suppliers such as Diageo Spirits, Constellation Wines and Pernod Ricard USA starting March 1st 2011 the details of which are listed below. A state of the art Warehouse will be setup in Austin, California. The current plans call for a 620,000 square foot facility with six miles of conveyors, storage space for 2 million cases of wine and spirits with capabilities of loading 12 trucks simultaneously to ship 5,400 cases per hour. The California sales office will be located in neighboring San Antonio. 100 temperature controlled delivery trucks and other required equipment will be acquired. A key plank of AAA’s corporate strategy has been to ‘Pursue Operational Excellence’ by sharing best practices and leveraging AAA’s size in the marketplace. The back office functions of Accounts Payable, Payroll, Employee Benefits, Supplier Billing, Accounts Receivable, Master Data Management, Systems and Information Technology will be managed from AAAs back office division in Orlando leaving the California operations to concentrate on selling. AAA’s distribution business in California is expected to bring in invoice sales of approximately $118 Million for the year 2011. Action Plan| | | | Action| Date| Duration| Cost| Secure and Finish Warehouse and Office Space| October 4th 2010| 4 months| $15,000,000| Back office operations ready| November 1st 2010| 2 months| $50,000| Secure Delivery Trucks and other equipment| December 20th 2010| 3 weeks| $8,000,000| Staffing| January 3rd 2011| 1 month| $20,000| Purchase Orders to Supplier| January 31st 2011| 1 week| $0| Initial Marketing Promotions| January 31st 2011| 3 months| $1,000,000| Receive Orders from Customers| February 7th 2011| N/A| $0| Receive Goods in Warehouse| February 21st 2011| 1 week| $10,000| Shipping Goods to Customers| March 1st 2011| N/A| $300,000| The Marketing Mix Starting in Florida, AAA Wine/Spiritshas been able to successfully build brands and gain a positive reputation for its ability to promote and merchandise premium wine and spirits brands. These same brand building marketing techniques will be employed to patiently and persistently build the sales of premium brands (old and newly won) in California to distinguish AAA from its competition and secure a major share of the California wine and spirits distribution market. Product Strategy: The wine and spirits brands that AAA will enter into and promote in California will be mostly stand-alone well-established brands that will be marketed separately based on promotional budget provided by the suppliers. Examples of products brands would include for, 1. MMM Spirits Johnnie Walker, Matador, Baileys, Smirnoff, Crown Royal, Gordon’s, Jose Cuervo, Guinness, Jamp;B, Captain Morgan and Tanqueray. 2. NNN Wines Vendange, Cisco, Ruffino, Mondavi, Taylor, Clos Du Bois, Woodbridge and Wild Irish. 3. The Company USA Absolut, Fris, Seagrams, Malibu, Kahlua, Beefeater, Jacobs Creek and Presidente. Distribution Strategy: AAA is known for its best-in-industry professional and well-trained sales staff with a â€Å"Most feet on the Street† guarantee, promising maximized brand exposure and distribution. In California, AAA will use its proven strategy of promoting On-Premise sales to drive sales for Off-Premise customers since once customers become aware of the brand they will most likely purchase it from a store. AAA will align its entire sales force in California into designated groups of specially trained teams. Each group will be carefully trained to handle a specific sales channels, and customer categories such as chain supermarkets, national hotel chains, independent restaurants and chain liquor stores. AAA will use the following marketing channels to reach its targeted customers. 1. E-channel: AAA’s online store website http://AAAwineonline. com has products and applicable promotional information for customers who would like to research and purchase wine and spirits online. 2. Personal Selling: One-on-one personal selling will be done via, a. Sales Persons: Every customer chain account will be represented by a sales team for the entire state. Sales persons will be trained to be polite and professional and offer the best deal to the customer. . Call in to Customer Service: Customers will be able to call in orders to a customer service center. Product will be shipped out daily based on the orders received daily to ensure the customer’s shelves are always adequately stocked. Promotion Strategy: AAA will use Integrated Marketing Communications to first create awareness of the products and build interest in the benefits provided by AAA Wine and Spirits. AAA will employ the following traditional and customized marketing techniques to communicate its value offering. a. Direct Marketing: AAA’s biggest asset, its employees will be educated in the company’s product offerings and serve as AAA’s biggest marketing resource. Customer Service representatives and Sales persons will be trained to be polite, courteous and knowledgeable about AAAs product, always offering the best deals available. b. Marketing Programs: AAA’s product promotions will be innovative customer-based programs that focus on theme, customer category and brand. Promotions will include the following: 1. Party Guides: Customers like Raleigh’ss offer party packages for its customers. AAA provides promotional material (Party Guides) to Raley for including AAA’s products in its party packages. 2. Wine Lists and other retail display materials: Bars, Restaurants, Casinos, Night Clubs present wine lists to their customers. AAA will carry the cost of these Wine Lists and other retail display materials. 3. Monthly Cocktail Themes: AAA will invest in hiring and training Mixologists to develop new drinks and mixes based on local tastes. AAA will supply these new cocktail recipes and promotional material to local pubs and bars in amplify customer interest. 4. Holiday Themes: Holiday specific packages with appropriate packaging, colors and selection of wines and spirits will be sold to Off-Premise customers (Grocery, Liquor stores etc. ) and holiday specific promotional materials will be provided to On-Premise customers to capitalize on increased sales during specific holidays. 5. Multi Brand 6 Pack Carriers: Assortments of beers, wines and spirits will be made available for customers 6. Customer Specific Promotions: The fastest growing race in the United Sates is the Hispanics. The 2009 US Census Bureau estimates 37% of California’ population comprises of Hispanics. AAA will look to capitalize on this growing market with special promotions on products frequently purchased by Hispanics and sponsoring events for Hispanics. 7. Value Added Packaging: AAA will invest in researching value added packaging for its products like flavor infusion packaging and landfill waste reduction packaging. 8. In-store Kiosks and Displays: AAA will design, build, provide and place In-store Kiosks and Display Cases to showcase premium merchandise in the best-selling sections of Grocery and Liquor stores. 9. Mix and Match Combos: Customers will be offered customizable free goods deals. For example, buy 100 cases of Absolut vodka and get 10 cases free of any Absolut vodka flavors. 10. Sponsorship for high profile events: AAA will sponsor high profile large gathering events for example, the Florida’s South Beach Food and Wine Festival, California’s Annual AAA Wine amp; Food Festival and UNLVino to promote our products to a larger audience. 11. â€Å"Wet† tasting programs: AAA will organize wine tasting parties and wine education seminars to build interest and reach out to new customers. Promote and build displays for more premium merchandise—rather than low-end erchandise—in the best-selling sections of the store. Promotions will be run after careful analysis of customer purchase trends and preferences. Pricing Strategy: AAA will use a high / low pricing strategy which will allow for periodic heavy promotional pricing. Initial pricing will be set at market penetrating low prices operating at a low 18 percent Gross Profit Margin (reg ular 21 percent GP). Discounts will be made available in terms of, 1. Cash Discounts for early payment of invoices. 2. Quantity Discounts based on different quantities of products purchased. . Seasonal Discounts will be offered for holidays such as Easter, Christmas, New Year, etc. All promotions and discounts will be supported by Promotional Allowances and Depletion Allowances offered by the Supplier. Customer and Supplier Relationship Management AAA Wine/Spiritshas invested a lot of time and money in becoming a customer focused organization. Today, AAA can proudly boast of having the understanding and the ability to address the needs and expectations of each customer by providing unsurpassed value in both the products and the services offered. Professional relationships, cooperation, and building long term relationships will be the common goals to build successful relationships with our suppliers and customers alike. By conducting business in a manner beneficial to everyone, with highly trained and specialized resources, AAA will deliver superior value added services. AAA Customer Service representatives and Sales persons will be trained to be polite and courteous, always offering the best deals available. Individual Account Managers are assigned for each supplier account to constantly strengthen and build on our relationship and address any issue in a timely manner. AAA offers its suppliers the â€Å"Most feet on the Street† guarantee promising maximized brand exposure and distribution while being the lowest cost distributor in the Wine and Spirits distribution industry. AAA will also institute a Customer Loyalty Rewards program to further strengthen the business relationships with it long standing, large account customers providing them with premium pricing and deals. Budget and Monitoring First Year Budget| | Revenue| $118,000,000 | Cost of Goods Sold| ($92,040,000)| Initial Expenses| ($44,380,000)| Operational Expenses| ($10,000,000)| Marketing Expenses| ($3,000,000)| Rent| ($700,000)| Salaries| ($6,000,000)| Supplies| ($300,000)| Insurance| ($300,000)| Interest | ($145,000)| Net Income| ($38,865,000)| Based on forecasted sales volume and projected invoice sales for the first year of operations, AAA’s initial budget for the first year of operations (fiscal year 2011) is estimated as shown above. AAA will invest $3 Million on its marketing initiative and coupled with the promotional and depletion allowances offered by suppliers, AAA will have an estimated $13 Million for Marketing and Promotional activities. AAA will constantly monitor the progress of its business venture into California and the effectiveness of its business and marketing strategies by tracking its performance against metrics developed for each of the following business objectives. Objective 1: Become the distributor of choice for wine and spirit suppliers. AAA Wine/Spiritsvision is to be the leading distributor of beverage alcohol and create superior value for all tiers of the industry. In California, AAA will achieve this vision by embracing a mission of providing superior business partnership solutions that will drive growth and value for customers and suppliers alike through our national scale, local market intelligence and brand-building expertise. AAA will look to increase its supplier and brand distribution relationship in California by introducing new supplier like Jim Beam Brands, Moet Hennessy, Patron Spirits, Sutter Home Winery, Heaven Hill, Skyy Spirits etc. nd their brands till it achieves distribution to the scale of 700 suppliers and 3000+ brands. Objective 2: Profitability growth per year (GP $ and GP%) AAA Wine/Spiritswill enter California with a high / low pricing strategy which will allow for periodic heavy promotional pricing. Initial pricing will be set at market penetrating low prices operating at a low 18 percent Gross Profit Margin which AAA will look to gradually increase t to 21 percent. AAA will target breaking even in California by the end of the third quarter of fiscal year 2012. The Pricing strategy will be reassessed regularly based on customer and supplier satisfaction ratings, and customer purchase growth numbers to determine opportunities for price increases to meet AAAs profitability goals. AAA will track sales to ensure monthly and quarterly sales growth targets are being met based on which adjustments will be made to the marketing and promotion strategies as needed. Objective 3: One stop shop for wine and spirit customers AAA Wine/Spiritswill use it tried and tested marketing technique of focusing its promotions on On-Premise customers to drive the sales for Off-Premise customers. With its goals of increasing its supplier base to 1,200 supplier and 3,000+ brand offerings, AAA aims to become a one-stop-shop for customers throughout the state of California. AAA w

Avogadros Number To Calculate Mass of a Single Atom

Avogadro's Number To Calculate Mass of a Single Atom Avogadros number is one of the most important constants used in chemistry. It is the number of particles in a single mole of a material, based on the number of atoms in exactly 12 grams of the isotope carbon-12. Although this number is a constant, its experimentally determined, so we use an approximate value of 6.022 x 1023. So, you know how many atoms are in a mole. Heres how to use the information to determine the mass of a single atom. Avogadro's Number Example Problem: Mass of a Single Atom Question: Calculate the mass in grams of a single carbon (C) atom. Solution To calculate the mass of a single atom, first look up the atomic mass of carbon from the periodic table.This number, 12.01, is the mass in grams of one mole of carbon. One mole of carbon is 6.022 x 1023 atoms of carbon (Avogadros number). This relation is then used to convert a carbon atom to grams by the ratio: mass of 1 atom / 1 atom mass of a mole of atoms / 6.022 x 1023 atoms Plug in the atomic mass of carbon to solve for the mass of 1 atom: mass of 1 atom mass of a mole of atoms / 6.022 x 1023 mass of 1 C atom 12.01 g / 6.022 x 1023 C atomsmass of 1 C atom 1.994 x 10-23 g Answer The mass of a single carbon atom is 1.994 x 10-23 g. Applying the Formula to Solve for Other Atoms and Molecules Although the problem was worked using carbon (the element upon which Avogadros number is based), you can use the same method to solve for the mass of an atom or molecule. If youre finding the mass of an atom of a different element, just use that elements atomic mass. If you want to use the relation to solve for the mass of a single molecule, theres an extra step. You need to add up the masses of all of the atoms in that one molecule and use them instead. Lets say, for example, you want to know the mass of a single atom of water. From the formula (H2O), you know there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. You use the periodic table to look up the mass of each atom (H is 1.01 and O is 16.00). Forming a water molecule gives you a mass of: 1.01 1.01 16.00 18.02 grams per mole of water and you solve with: mass of 1 molecule mass of one mole of molecules / 6.022 x 1023 mass of 1 water molecule 18.02 grams per mole / 6.022 x 1023 molecules per mole mass of 1 water molecule 2.992 x 10-23 grams

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Better Luck Tomorrow Review - Essay Example Despite the fact that the film is an ensemble, the action that goes on in the film centers on Ben, who is in his last year in high school. He does everything that would give him an impressive identity when applying for college. This means that he has to get several honors and awards that he is not interested in, such as employee of the month award, athletic and student committee honors. He spends his time with friends who are equally gifted, but bored. They engage in shoplifting activities in computer stores and sell exam answers to other students. One day one of them draws a gun at a school Neanderthal, and they become respected by their peers for their notoriety (Huang 99). The main theme of the film comes up with regard to the question as to why teenagers would resort to crime. The film has not featured the parents of these teenagers in the activities that go on. This suggests that there might be parental neglect perhaps because they think that their children are innocent and cann ot do anything wrong. It could also be because parents think that their children are not smart to figure out certain things on their own. The children could also be engaging in these activities because of the many expectations that their Parents have put on them (Huang 100). The movie has been directed in the right atmosphere that creates the energy and intrigue that drives the film. These are mixed with humor and suspense that make the film interesting. The realistic performances by the young and energetic actors is crucial because it fits in when the audience has to suspend disbelief that the young actors are doing things that one would never suspect of them. Despite the fact that the cast has been created from the Asian American atmosphere, the theme cuts across. The theme might be resonant in the Asian American context where parenting is not as important as education (Huang 100). Morality and justice in the film seem mostly absent. The teenagers engage in immoral and activities that could be categorized as crime but they are not punished. They engage in these activities in a manner that suggests that no one is interested in discouraging from doing them. In fact, when one of them draws a gun in school, the other students do not care to report them to the school authorities. Instead, they respect them for their notoriety. The teenagers are free to do anything they please. This shows an identity crisis in a society where there is the lack of role models. The young cannot emulate their parents because their parents are busy doing other things to an extent that they have no time to check on what their children could be doing. The parents have also become careless to an extent that they assume that their children are a responsible lot who cannot engage in any crime or wrong activities. Therefore, they live them at the hands of their educators. Education does not help to model the teenagers into responsible human beings. Instead, the education emphasizes on award s, honors and better grades rather than molding the character of the young students. For instance, entrance into college requires that the students must have scored highly in academics and acquired awards and honors in certain activities. The measure of character is not provided for in those applications. Young people have been left to identify with immorality and prowess in doing wrong and committing crimes. This provides a wakeup call to the audience that

Pitfalls of the American Dream in of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

Pitfalls of the American Dream in of Mice and Men Essay I feel that I am a citizen of the American Dream and that the revolutionary struggle against the American nightmare. † This quote by Eldridge Cleaver states that one has the right to achieve the American Dream however, there are factors that work against one trying to achieve the American Dream. In John Steinbeck’s â€Å"Of Mice And Men† , the pitfalls of the American Dreams are more effectively demonstrated in comparison to the movies directed by Gary Sinise. Towards the beginning of the movie one can easily point out differences that were not in the novel. For example, in the book, Lennie and George were aware of Curley’s arriage. â€Å"He got married a couple of weeks ago. Wife lives over in the bosss house (13). However, in the movie the men are not aware of Curley’s wife before she come into the room. This helps to give readers a hint on how this women will play a role in their failure at achieving the American Dream. In both the movie and the book, a women running for her life in a memorable red dress is presented, â€Å"He jus wanted to touch that red dress, like he wants to pet them pups all the time(3. 28-30) It is later revealed that Lennie touched her and for that he was on the run. After the introduction of Curley’s wife, one can infer that something similar will happen with her and that this women will also be a pitfall in achieving the American Dream. Thas good, he said. You drink some, George. You take a good big drink. He smiled happily. (1. 7) In this quotes from the book, the readers are lead to conclude that Lennie has mental disabilities as he can be compared to a child. In both the movie and the book, Lennie’s disabilities are displayed which can later on be a pitfall in achieving the American Dream. Run us out, hell, said George disgustedly. We run. They was ookin for us, but they didnt catch us (1. 50-55) Both the movie and the book reveal the situation that occurred in the weeds, George and Lennie’s previous Jobs. Based on events from the past, readers can foreshadow that history will repeat it self which can add to the failure in achieving the American Dream. It is clear that many do not travel together. Aint many guys travel around together, he mused. I dont know why. Maybe everbody in the whole damn world is scared of each other' (35). In both the book and the movie, Slim states that he doesn’t really see many traveling together. In the book however, a better understanding of why men don’t travel together is created. Overall this quotes from the book can aid readers to predict that George and Lennie will not stay together after all and that their friendship will be put to the test. With this being said, their dream will be at risk. The crash of the shot rolled up the hills and rolled down again (106) Towards the end of both the movie and the book, George shoots Lennie. As it was previously predicted, Lennie’s past has caught up to him as he again has violated a women. In this case he has killed Curley’s wife. Due to her death, Curley has vowed to make Lennie suffer. George felt the need to take matters into his own hands and kill Lennie. This event in both the movie and the book highlight the major pitfall of the American Dream. Now that Lennie is dead, the American Dream will not be achieved. However, the book demonstrated this pitfall by creating a better vivid image of what occurred. After analyzing both the movie and the book, one can conclude that John Steinbeck’s â€Å"Of Mice And Men† demonstrates the pitfalls of the American dream better than the move â€Å"Of Mice And Men† directed by Gary Sinise.